Researchers develop graphene-based leaf tattoo sensor for real-time hydration monitoring

Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin and University of Massachusetts Amherst have developed a graphene-based electronic “leaf tattoo” that can continuously monitor plant hydration while simultaneously performing brain-like, in-sensor computation directly on living leaves.

The core of the technology is a graphene channel configured as a leaf‑gated electrochemical transistor that conforms to the surface of a live leaf without damaging tissue. The transistor’s gate is formed by the leaf itself: ions in the hydrated leaf move in response to applied electrical stimuli, modulating the channel conductance in real time.

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