Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science, Harvard University and the National Institute for Materials Science in Tsukuba, Japan, have observed in graphene an exotic state of matter known as the Dirac fluid – a nearly perfect quantum liquid where electrons flow collectively rather than as individual particles. This work addresses a long-standing question in quantum physics: can electrons behave like a frictionless fluid governed by universal constants rather than material imperfections?
Working with ultra-clean samples, the team found that near graphene’s Dirac point – a special electronic tipping point where the material is neither metallic nor insulating – electrical and thermal conductivities do not follow the conventional Wiedemann–Franz law, which links them directly. Instead, they vary inversely: improving charge flow comes at the expense of heat transport and vice versa.
Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science, Harvard University and the National Institute for Materials Science in Tsukuba, Japan, have observed in graphene an exotic state of matter known as the Dirac fluid – a nearly perfect quantum liquid where electrons flow collectively rather than as individual particles. This work addresses a long-standing question in quantum physics: can electrons behave like a frictionless fluid governed by universal constants rather than material imperfections?Working with ultra-clean samples, the team found that near graphene’s Dirac point – a special electronic tipping point where the material is neither metallic nor insulating – electrical and thermal conductivities do not follow the conventional Wiedemann–Franz law, which links them directly. Instead, they vary inversely: improving charge flow comes at the expense of heat transport and vice versa.
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